Multi-material and Multi-dimensional 3D Printing for Biomedical Materials and Devices

In recent years, Additive Manufacturing (AM) has evolved into a “multi-x” era, such as multi-part design, multi-material, multi-process, multi-mode, multi-scale, multi-dimension, and multi-function. These emerging new features of AM present both tremendous opportunities challenges for developing regulating novel biomedical materials devices. This paper focuses on two aspects, namely multi-material multi-dimension AM. 3D printing, the layering step is key. Modifying method yet without changing solidifying or bonding principles governing process can enable significantly advance printing. multi-dimensional typically 4D printing 5D meaning “D” suggested to refer space–time dimension rather than number degrees freedom in physical space. It proposed this that an alternative (or 5D) future processes be scale. Scale here refers different levels resolution are used simultaneously within print. scale dimension, continuous cross-scale varied design single build affecting overall speed time would highly desirable. probably first reflecting from perspective with regard its development.